游戏开发入门

从零开始制作你的第一款游戏

游戏开发技术栈

游戏引擎
├── Unity (C#) - 最流行
├── Unreal Engine (C++) - 3A大作
├── Godot (GDScript) - 开源免费
└── Pygame (Python) - 学习入门

游戏类型
├── 2D游戏
├── 3D游戏
├── 手机游戏
└── Web游戏

Pygame入门

环境准备

pip install pygame

基础框架

import pygame
import sys

# 初始化
pygame.init()

# 设置窗口
SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("我的第一个游戏")

# 颜色定义
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)

# 时钟控制帧率
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
FPS = 60

# 游戏主循环
running = True
while running:
    # 事件处理
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

    # 游戏逻辑更新

    # 绘制
    screen.fill(WHITE)
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLUE, (350, 250, 100, 100))

    # 更新显示
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(FPS)

pygame.quit()
sys.exit()

玩家控制

import pygame

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# 玩家属性
player = {
    'x': 400,
    'y': 300,
    'width': 50,
    'height': 50,
    'speed': 5,
    'color': (0, 128, 255)
}

running = True
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

    # 键盘输入
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] or keys[pygame.K_a]:
        player['x'] -= player['speed']
    if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] or keys[pygame.K_d]:
        player['x'] += player['speed']
    if keys[pygame.K_UP] or keys[pygame.K_w]:
        player['y'] -= player['speed']
    if keys[pygame.K_DOWN] or keys[pygame.K_s]:
        player['y'] += player['speed']

    # 边界检测
    player['x'] = max(0, min(player['x'], 800 - player['width']))
    player['y'] = max(0, min(player['y'], 600 - player['height']))

    # 绘制
    screen.fill((30, 30, 30))
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, player['color'],
                     (player['x'], player['y'], player['width'], player['height']))

    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)

pygame.quit()

完整小游戏：躲避方块

import pygame
import random

pygame.init()

# 设置
SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("躲避方块")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)

# 玩家
class Player:
    def __init__(self):
        self.width = 40
        self.height = 40
        self.x = SCREEN_WIDTH // 2
        self.y = SCREEN_HEIGHT - 60
        self.speed = 6
        self.color = (0, 200, 100)

    def move(self, keys):
        if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and self.x > 0:
            self.x -= self.speed
        if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and self.x < SCREEN_WIDTH - self.width:
            self.x += self.speed

    def draw(self, surface):
        pygame.draw.rect(surface, self.color, (self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height))

    def get_rect(self):
        return pygame.Rect(self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height)

# 敌人
class Enemy:
    def __init__(self):
        self.width = 30
        self.height = 30
        self.x = random.randint(0, SCREEN_WIDTH - self.width)
        self.y = -self.height
        self.speed = random.randint(3, 7)
        self.color = (255, 50, 50)

    def update(self):
        self.y += self.speed

    def draw(self, surface):
        pygame.draw.rect(surface, self.color, (self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height))

    def get_rect(self):
        return pygame.Rect(self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height)

    def is_off_screen(self):
        return self.y > SCREEN_HEIGHT

# 游戏状态
def game():
    player = Player()
    enemies = []
    score = 0
    spawn_timer = 0

    running = True
    while running:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                return False

        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        player.move(keys)

        # 生成敌人
        spawn_timer += 1
        if spawn_timer >= 30:
            enemies.append(Enemy())
            spawn_timer = 0

        # 更新敌人
        for enemy in enemies[:]:
            enemy.update()
            if enemy.is_off_screen():
                enemies.remove(enemy)
                score += 10
            elif player.get_rect().colliderect(enemy.get_rect()):
                return True  # 游戏结束

        # 绘制
        screen.fill((20, 20, 40))
        player.draw(screen)
        for enemy in enemies:
            enemy.draw(screen)

        # 显示分数
        score_text = font.render(f"Score: {score}", True, (255, 255, 255))
        screen.blit(score_text, (10, 10))

        pygame.display.flip()
        clock.tick(60)

    return False

# 主程序
if game():
    print("游戏结束!")
pygame.quit()

Unity入门 (C#)

using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float speed = 5f;
    public float jumpForce = 10f;
    private Rigidbody2D rb;
    private bool isGrounded;

    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();
    }

    void Update()
    {
        // 水平移动
        float moveX = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        rb.velocity = new Vector2(moveX * speed, rb.velocity.y);

        // 跳跃
        if (Input.GetButtonDown("Jump") && isGrounded)
        {
            rb.velocity = new Vector2(rb.velocity.x, jumpForce);
            isGrounded = false;
        }
    }

    void OnCollisionEnter2D(Collision2D collision)
    {
        if (collision.gameObject.CompareTag("Ground"))
        {
            isGrounded = true;
        }
    }
}

学习路线图

第1阶段：基础 (1-2个月)
├── 选择引擎 (推荐Pygame或Unity)
├── 游戏循环理解
├── 输入处理
└── 基础物理

第2阶段：2D游戏 (2-3个月)
├── 精灵与动画
├── 碰撞检测
├── 音效与音乐
└── UI界面

第3阶段：完整游戏 (2-3个月)
├── 关卡设计
├── 存档系统
├── 游戏发布
└── 性能优化

第4阶段：进阶 (持续)
├── 3D游戏开发
├── 网络多人游戏
├── AI行为树
└── 着色器编程

本章小结

• 引擎选择：Pygame学习、Unity商业
• 游戏循环：输入→更新→渲染
• 核心要素：玩家控制、碰撞检测、得分系统
• 实践为主：多做小游戏积累经验

→ 继续阅读：41-运维与DevOps