API开发与调用

理解RESTful API，学会调用和开发API

调用API

import requests

# GET请求
response = requests.get("https://api.github.com/users/octocat")
data = response.json()
print(data["name"], data["public_repos"])

# POST请求
response = requests.post(
    "https://httpbin.org/post",
    json={"name": "张三", "age": 25}
)
print(response.json())

# 带headers
headers = {"Authorization": "Bearer your_token"}
response = requests.get("https://api.example.com/data", headers=headers)

开发RESTful API

from flask import Flask, jsonify, request

app = Flask(__name__)

users = [
    {"id": 1, "name": "张三", "age": 25},
    {"id": 2, "name": "李四", "age": 30}
]

# 获取所有用户
@app.route("/api/users", methods=["GET"])
def get_users():
    return jsonify(users)

# 获取单个用户
@app.route("/api/users/<int:user_id>", methods=["GET"])
def get_user(user_id):
    user = next((u for u in users if u["id"] == user_id), None)
    if user:
        return jsonify(user)
    return jsonify({"error": "Not found"}), 404

# 创建用户
@app.route("/api/users", methods=["POST"])
def create_user():
    data = request.json
    new_user = {
        "id": len(users) + 1,
        "name": data["name"],
        "age": data["age"]
    }
    users.append(new_user)
    return jsonify(new_user), 201

# 更新用户
@app.route("/api/users/<int:user_id>", methods=["PUT"])
def update_user(user_id):
    user = next((u for u in users if u["id"] == user_id), None)
    if user:
        data = request.json
        user.update(data)
        return jsonify(user)
    return jsonify({"error": "Not found"}), 404

# 删除用户
@app.route("/api/users/<int:user_id>", methods=["DELETE"])
def delete_user(user_id):
    global users
    users = [u for u in users if u["id"] != user_id]
    return "", 204

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True)

本章小结

• REST：资源导向的API设计风格
• HTTP方法：GET/POST/PUT/DELETE
• JSON：API数据格式
• 状态码：200/201/404/500

→ 继续阅读：34-自动化脚本实战